Comprehensive Transportation Plan - March 2019

What are Connected and Automated Vehicles? TERMINOLOGY The following list provides some of the acronyms and abbreviations currently used within CAV discussions.

x CV – Connected Vehicles x AV – Automated Vehicles x V2V – Vehicle-to-Vehicle x V2I – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure x V2X – Vehicle-to-Anything x CAV – Connected and Automated Vehicles x TNC – Transportation Network Companies (e.g. Uber, Lyft)

Connected Vehicles (CV) are vehicles equipped with technology that allows the vehicle to communicate with road infrastructure to share real-time transportation information between systems. Three communication technologies exist: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, and vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications. Examples of CV technology and applications include: x Safety: red-light running, rail-passing timing, emergency braking, blind spot warning, x Mobility: traffic light status, transit priority, incidental alerts, and x Environment: eco-driving, freight routing, transit. Automated Vehicles (AV) perform a driving function, with or without a human actively monitoring the driving environment and is further defined by an associated level of autonomy. The “SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) International Levels of Automation” provide a taxonomy of six levels of vehicle automation—this spans from self-driving to full car system control. These various levels shown in Figure G-2 divide the vehicle’s automation level based on the establishment of “who does what, when.”

Source: http://www.sae.org/misc/pdfs/automated_driving.pdf Examples of AV technology and applications include: x Europe’s CityMobil2 Public Transport x Google Driverless car x Ollie, 3-D printed, self-driving minibus (2016) x Heathrow Ultra Personal Rapid Transit LEVELS OF AUTOMATION

SAE levels depict and categorize the level of human interaction and the attentiveness when monitoring the driving environment. At the lowest level of autonomy, Level 0, the human driver continuously controls everything throughout the driving experience. Level 1 represents an automated system on the vehicle that can sometimes assist the human driver conduct some parts of the driving task. The Level 2 automated system on the vehicle may conduct some parts of the driving while the human driver continues to monitor the driving environment. In these levels of automation, the human driver is required to be fully engaged and monitor the driving environment. Level 3 functions at a conditional automation level where the system conducts some parts of the driving task and monitors the driving environment; however, the human driver must be ready to take back control upon request from the automated system. Level 4 operates at a high level of automation—the system can subsist with all situations automatically but only in certain environments, such as between two interchanges on the freeway. Finally, Level 5 automation can perform all driving tasks, under all conditions that a human driver could perform. In these higher levels of automation, the system monitors the environment. Figure G-2: SAE Levels of Automation

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